Selasa, 30 November 2010

How to Build Strategic International Relationships

by John Astor

Just learning how to shake hands in career world doesn’t make you culturally aware. A few learned copy-cat mannerisms and a couple opening lines will not put the global executive into the good graces of their regional leaders. It used to be fine, considering the small amount of time that leaders spent abroad. But more and more, as we see top-level local management strategies that have transparent relationships with each other for alignment and success, building relationships that are strong and solid are absolutely essential in today’s highly competitive marketplace.

In Japan, during the 1980’s boom years, foreigners were falling over each other to grab some of the success that Japanese businesses had created. Many managers learned a little bit of the language, how to eat soup, etc., but they missed a great opportunity to build real bonds. Unfortunately, those bonds could have also helped the Japanese businesses during the ‘90’s.

Today, we are in the midst of a series of dynamics such as, rising new economies, immediate access to customers and speed decision making, so creating and nurturing long lasting connections is a must. Maya Hu-Chan of the Global Leadership Development Center so correctly states, ‘In my work with multinational corporations, my global clients have often pointed out that building partnerships is one of the most important competencies for global leaders of the future’.

To develop powerful partnerships and prevent problematic situations, integrate these five pieces of advice.
  • Have a real interest in other cultures and learn about them through food, the arts and music, literature and the areas that give uniqueness to their place the human experience.
  • Build partnerships wherever you go with ease. You never force a friendship. You develop it. Become an open access point of assistance to your host reports, superiors and especially those horizontally. Encourage others to do the same.
  • Listen, Listen, Listen! This may be one of the great challenges for human beings, but it is an essential skill for trust. Don’t just listen with your ears, but apprehend the individual with all of your faculties. Go beyond their special behaviors and reach for what they are trying to communicate.
  • Never be patronizing. This may be very difficult for some cultures that have been taught they are the best. Be careful not to appear paternal or on a higher level than other people. Also pay close attention to how you phrase comments about their culture. This is also true for spouses of expatriates.
  • Get out of your shell. The higher you go up in an organization, the more insulated you become. Mingle with different people with different interests and you will be well prepared to meet the exciting challenges of interacting with all types of personalities from all over the world.

By putting these five points into action will give you a basis for working in all environments and with all cultures. Of course, each culture has unique aspects that give them their own perspectives on business and life, and we are all unique individuals with unique behaviors, but having a real sense of how we can make deeper connections profoundly helps us move forward together.
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Is Groupon The Next Google?#1

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By Evan Miller

I met the CEO of Groupon fifteen months ago at ORD Camp. At the time Andrew Mason had six employees, a little bit of angel funding, and a sheepish face when he explained that he was in the coupon business.
Groupon is now a one-billion dollar company with hundreds of employees. How can a two-year-old coupon company be worth a billion dollars?
I don’t have any of their figures, but I thought I’d sketch out a few reasons I think that, if anything, Groupon is severely undervalued. First, the obvious:
  • People love spending money on Groupon. What’s not to love about getting something you can use with your friends for half-price?
  • People love talking about Groupon. I’ve overheard girls on the El train getting excited about the weekend Groupon. Groupon is the H1N1 of virality.
  • Companies love Groupon. I’ve explained the surprising economics of Groupon in a previous post.
  • Groupon has inspired myriad imitators, but none has captured the same magic of Groupon. If Andrew Mason has a secret sauce, he’s not giving away the ingredient list.
So OK, if Groupon starts operating in every city in America and most cities in the world, saving millions of people hundreds of dollars each year on sushi, spas, and baseball games, that could be a billion dollar company, right? Call me crazy, but I think a billion is too low. Here’s why I think Groupon will be “the next Google.”
First it helps to understand the current Google. Where does Google make its money, some $20 billion a year in revenue? Casual observers say “search ads.” Sergey calls it “contextually relevant advertising.” Neither description really explains why a single click on a simple text ad can be worth as much $50.



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Senin, 29 November 2010

Careers Advice for Public Relations

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If you are wondering how a Public Relations Manager, here are some tips and advice on training and started his career in this area of marketing and public relations, and employment prospects in the UK.
WorkPublic relations (PR) officers to promote good relations between an organization and its customers, investors and the general public. His work focuses on creating and maintaining your organization's image and reputation.
You can work as public relations officer in a public utility in local relationships, or as an account executive at a public relations consultant, public relations services for a number of clients.
Typical responsibilities:
* Planning of PR campaigns and strategy* Control of public perception and the media client or organization* Writing and editing of brochures, pamphlets, press releases, speeches, newsletters and web sites* Organize events such as press releases, press conferences, exhibitions, open days and sponsorship* Develop a good working relationship with the media* Provide advertising and promotional films produced* Public speaking presentations, conferences, radio and television interviews* Represent the company or client events.* Public relations is also known as corporate communications, public affairs or media relations, so it can be known by several titles and functions.
Person SpecificationThe main character of public relations managers are:
* Excellent writing skills with the ability to articulate a clear and convincing* Confidence communication and presentation skills* Creativity and initiative* Good organizational, planning and time management* The ability to work well as part of a team and customer number* Flexibility and ability to multi-task* The ability to work under pressure and tight deadlines* Resistance to treat rejection and criticism of their ideas* Accuracy and attention to detail* Interest in media.
How to make a public relations managerThere are no set entry qualifications to become a public relations officer, but the band is a highly competitive industry to enter and many employers prefer to have a diploma.
You may have an advantage with a degree or postgraduate training in public relations. Other useful topics include:journalismadvertising or marketing and communicationsbusiness or managementpsychologyEnglishpolitics.
View the Chartered Institute of Public Relations (CIPR) for a list of accredited degrees and postgraduate courses in Puerto Rico.
Want a career in public relations has not yet been studied, you may find it useful for the Chartered Institute of Public Relations (CIPR) Advanced Certificate in Public Relations before looking for work.
You will improve your employment prospects by work experience (often unpaid) in the departments of public relations and consulting. You can also experience through activities such as volunteer work with charities or public relations fundraising, or with the participation of student newspapers and societies.
See CIPR and Public Relations Consultants Association websites for advice on finding work experience, and for some practices and the programs of graduate training.
You may be able to close a public relations agency as an administrator or assistant information officer, publicity and promotion of public relations to achieve. It could also enter a second career in PR as its previous experience in journalism, advertising, marketing, fundraising or sales.
Training and DevelopmentTheir training is often at work, possibly through a graduate program of structured training (one of the largest consulting firms, employers).
It can be a benefit to the Chartered Institute of Public Relations to join and work on their professional qualifications are:CIPR Advanced Certificate in Public Relations - suitable for anyone with a maximum of two years experience in a minor role of public relationsCIPR Diploma in Public Relations - a more advanced course for anyone with a PR or graduate degree related to the company and at least one year of experience in public relations or a degree in a subject, plus at least two years experience in public relations.CIPR, visit the Web site for more details about your qualifications, membership and training.
You can also choose to study for Communication Advertising and Marketing Education Foundation (CAM), Diploma in Marketing Communications.
Pay (a rough guide)Starting salaries are usually around £ 15,000 to £ 20,000 per yearWith the experience that can reach between € 20.000 and £ 40.000Account Managers and the Head of Corporate Affairs can earn up to 80,000 pounds and 100,000 pounds per year.
Job prospectsYou could work for a public relations agency and consultancy or home in all types of trading companies, financial authorities, retailers, central and local charities. PR is a growth industry, but competition for jobs is strong.
Jobs are advertised in local newspapers and national magazines, such as PR Week, Press Gazette profile, the website of the CIPR and specialist recruitment agencies. However, not all jobs are advertised, so you could also approach agencies directly, or find work through networking and making contacts in the industry.



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Formatting Your Cover Letter

The Net's Premier Resume Writing and Editing Service
Because a cover letter is your first chance to make a lasting impression with a hiring manager, it must be professional. To accomplish this: employee
1. Always use the same heading for your cover letter that you have used in your resume.
2. Whenever possible, use the hiring manager's name. This personalizes the document and shows attention to detail.
3. Include in your opening paragraph what job you're interested in and a specific reason as to why you feel qualified for this position.
4. Include in the body of the letter the specific experience, skills or accomplishments from your past that dovetail with the requirements of the new job. This data should be bulleted, rather than presented in a solid block of text. The human eye is drawn to bulleted areas, and they provide the data in an easy-to-read format, so that the hiring manager can digest the information from one sentence before moving on to the others.
Examples of bulleted areas follow: Vacancy*
As my enclosed resume indicates, my background includes more than two decades of service at US Flight with significant experience in:
  • Aircraft accident investigation as a member of the US Flight disaster team.
  • Security checkpoints, where I handled countless calls for assistance.
  • Training the Ground Security team to protect and promote public safety.
In addition to the above skills, I can also offer your firm:
  • More than 30 years of experience in the airline industry.
  • Expertise in dealing with government agencies, including the FAA where I facilitated communications to reduce company fines.
  • Reduced absenteeism and occupational injuries -- standards I maintained at US Flight, where I achieved the best employee safety record of all US Flight cities.
5. If the letter is being addressed to a specific hiring manager, close your letter proactively indicating that you will be contacting the hiring manager's office within the next week to see if you might set up a time to meet.

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Career Advice for Travel Agent

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If you are wondering how to become a travel agent, here are some tips and advice on training and started his career in this area of the hospitality industry and tourism, and employment prospects in the UK.
WorkTravel agents, often referred to as travel agency sales consultants, clients on business trips and leisure to advise, and holidays to sell. They can work in a travel agency high street or in a call center.
Typical responsibilities:
help customers find a suitable tour package or independent travel, itineraries and accommodation planchecking the availability of holidays chosen by phone or computermaking reservations via computerdeposit taking and filling forms bookscontact customers when their tickets, and collecting late paymentsinform customers of any changes, such as flight cancellations, and alternative arrangements.You should also advise customers about passports, travel insurance, visas, vaccinations and additional excursions. You can make refunds or handle complaints, referring serious problems to a manager or tour operator.
Person SpecificationThe most important personal qualities of a good travel agencies include:
the ability to cope with the pressure at peakgood organizational skillsexcellent telephone manner and strong communication skillssales skills, both face to face and telephoneIT Skillsinterest in travel and geography knowledgethe ability to work well as part of a team.
Making a travel agent thatNormally no special requirements are needed, but can be useful if GCSE (AC) in subjects like math, English and Geography. The most important thing is that entrepreneurs who are enthusiastic and have the right personal qualities and skills to the work program. Can be an advantage if you have experience in customer service or sales. You can also find it helps if you are able to speak other languages.
The most common way to enter this race is to find a job in a travel agency and train on the track. However, it would be a full-time college course before looking for work. This is not essential, but could give an advantage. Relevant courses include:
BTEC first Diploma in Travel and TourismBTEC National Diploma in Travel and TourismBTEC HNC / HND in Travel and Tourism Managementdegrees in travel and tourism.You may be able to enter this work through an apprenticeship. The range of apprenticeships available in your area will depend on the local labor market and the types of skills needed by employers for their workers.
Training and DevelopmentUsually start as travel consultant practice and receive job training from your employer. It is likely that this begins with a brief introductory course. Then you can send in more specialist training and educational visits. You can also use the following ratings:
City & Guilds Certificate in Tourism (Travel) levels 2 and 3 (with the support of the Association of British Travel Agents)Level 1 and 2 of airfare tickets and qualifications recognized by the International Air Transport Association (IATA)City & Guilds Certificate in Business Travel in the introduction, the level of consulting, monitoring and management.You can also gain qualifications such as NVQ in customer service or administration.
Once they have been working travel agents for two years, you could recognize their ongoing professional development proposed by the application of Accredited Travel Plan (ATPS) to connect.
Pay (a rough guide)Starting salaries can be around £ 10,000 per year.Experienced sales consultants earn between € 12,000 and £ 18,000 per year.The salaries of senior staff can be £ 30,000 or more.Travel agencies selling consultants often receive a commission based on meeting performance targets. They can also receive discounts on vacation.
Job prospectsCould their employability with branches in the UK. These range from small agencies, independent agencies to large with many branches.



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Employment Article:Tourist Guide Career Advice

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Tour Guide Career Advice

If you are wondering how to become a guide, here are some tips and advice on training and started his career in the field of tourism and travel industries, as well as employment prospects in the UK.

Work
Tour guides show visitors around the sites, giving a detailed description of the area and its attractions. Tours can focus on the towns and cities, historic buildings, gardens, religious sites, museums and galleries. Tour guides escort groups around a site, and provide information on aspects such as history, purpose and architecture.

As a guide, can be based on location (for example, a castle or historic house) or the direction of day trips to interesting places or sites, including:

Sightseeing
tours for specific interest groups
theme walks.
It could also function as a "driver", where small groups of tourists on guided tours to places of interest in a car or minibus.

Person Specification
The most important personal qualities of a good travel guide or travel are:

interest in working with people of all ages and backgrounds
confidence to speak before groups of people
excellent communication skills and a clear voice
the ability to present information in an interesting way, although repeat visits several times a day
a good memory for facts, figures and facts
an interest in art, history and related subjects such as architecture.

How to create a guidebook for
You do not have a set of skills to train as a tourist guide, but it would be a good level of general education requirements.

It would be an advantage if you have job experience in dealing with different people in different situations, and make presentations. It would also be useful if you can show interest in the arts, history and related subjects such as architecture. It would be helpful if you speak a foreign language fluently, but this is usually not essential when applying for work.

You can take the courses and exams, which are accredited by the Institute of Tourist Guiding. Depending on the type of tour guide you want to do, you can work on titles such as:

Level 2: Fixed Route Comments, interpretation and presentation - paid or volunteers, guide visitors through attractions such as galleries, cathedrals and stately homes, or fixed-route trips, such as boat trips and bus tours open top
Level 3: Green Plate - Route Comment flexible, Heritage Interpretation and Presentation - to work as a guide in areas such as urban and town centers or tourist attractions, historic buildings, heritage
Level 4: Blue Badge Tourist Guide - for all aspects of training.
In some places, such as Westminster Abbey and York Minster, Blue Badge guides are the only guide (other than staff of the house).

The courses are run by local organizations and regional tourism, or for universities and other institutions. Visit the website of the Institute of Tourist Guiding (More Info) for details of local courses accredited. See the Guild of Registered Tourist Guides web page for more information on the regional tourist offices.

Most courses are about 20 weeks, although some may be two years. They are part time, evening lectures and training on the weekend. Blue Badge offers courses in London once a year, but in other areas that are only made when there is a demand for guides.

If you are in a place where the leaders of the house are used can be trained by the site owner.

Training and Development
If a qualified guide must await the development of their skills by participating in training programs organized by professional organizations as the College of Registered Tourist Guides (more information).

As a member of the Institute of Tourist Guiding programs will be able to continuing professional development (CPD) to close. See the Institute website (more information) for details.

You may want to work for NVQ level 2 and 3 in Travel and Tourism.

Pay (a rough guide)
Repayment rates depends on the employer and location. Most tour guides on their own or a fee.

Job prospects
Many self-employed tour guides, working for tour operators and coach companies. employers' organizations from others like the National Trust and English Heritage and owners of tourist attractions and historic buildings.

In some jobs that only works during the summer or part-time work as a guide on the side of another race.




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Get helpful advice on how to write your resume.

The best resume format to use is the combination resume. This resume format is not chronological nor functional. It combines both! It is extremely flexible and allows you to use strategies in a way that would normally be considered wrong.
The difference between the combination format and the chronological format is that the chronological format resume is very easy to follow. The hiring manager will typically start to read the chronological resume at the bottom of the work history or professional experience section (heading depends on your career level) and will continue reading his or her way up towards the top to trace your career history. If there are employment gaps, it will be obvious because it is difficult to hide breaks in employment using this resume format. This is why most hiring mangers prefer the chronological resume format. It is easy to read and leaves little to the imagination. This can be a great advantage (marketing tool) if you have been in the same type of position because it shows continuity and progression in your industry.
But what happens when you've held different types of positions across several industries? Reasons for gaps in employment and holding too many or unrelated jobs include raising children, caring for a family member, illness, returning to college, corporate downsizing or merger, joining the military, and difficulty finding work for long stretches of time because of a tight job market or weak resume! So, the first thing you will need to do is toss your old resume. It will not help you to change your career. You need to make a fresh start!
Create a resume that clearly indicates at the top what type of position you are seeking.
Include a career summary section that highlights where you've been in your career. being careful to only mention what would be of most interest to this particular company. Emphasize your transferable experience and skills that match the qualifications of the position (if there is a job ad, study it and do your best to make a connection between the position's requirements and what you've done. Do not use the exact wording!).
Use a keywords section to list transferable skills so the reader can find them immediately. This is also important if the company uses resume scanning technology. This will ensure your resume is retrieved from the company's database in response to a keyword search.
Under your Professional Experience section or Work History (again, depends on your background), present your experience in functional sections such as General Management, Sales Management, Staff Training and Supervision, Budget Planning and Tracking , etc.
Take ALL of the experience you've gained over the years and categorize it into skill areas that the new position requires. If the company is seeking someone to manage budgets, and you managed budgets ten years ago and four years ago, but not in your last two jobs, then list the collective experience under a Budget category.
Continue this formula until each respective category has a minimum of four bulleted sentences or two two-lined sentences to support the name of the heading. It is a good idea to have at least three categories to show how well rounded you are.
Below this section, list the companies, locations, job titles, and dates. You can either create a separate section named Work History if you've already called the above section Professional Experience, or simply list the section without a main heading as part of the main section. It will be understood. Or, you can start the section off with the company names and dates followed by the functional categories. In other words, flip it. Vacancy*
The most common problem with this resume format is identifying where your experience was gained. But, that's the whole idea. If they are interested in what you can do, they will call you in for the interview. It is at that time you can explain the how, when, where, and why of it all. It will make for great conversation--which by the way, a job interview should be. A meeting between two people with a common interest (the position) who engage in conversation in a professional manner.

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Career Article : Chef Careers Advice

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If you are wondering how to cook or chef, here are some tips and advice on training and start your career in this field of hotel, catering and travel industry, and employment prospects in the UK.
WorkThe cooks are responsible for preparing food using a variety of cooking techniques. In large kitchens, which normally functions as part of a team responsible for a particular area, such as bread and cakes, or vegetables. The chef, who may also be known as the chef or the maitre kitchen, is responsible for running the entire kitchen.
Typical responsibilities:
planning menusdealing with suppliersbudget managementpersonal organizationmonitoring and maintenance of the quality of food in the kitchen producesmake sure the kitchen works within the relevant health hygiene and safety guidelines.Usually started as a trainee chef (or cook 'commissions' chief'), time spent in each area of the kitchen, getting a wide range of culinary skills and techniques, and learn to care for kitchen equipment and tools.
With experience, you can move to section head (or "chef de partie") and the direction of running a kitchen area. The next step was sous-chef (or under-cooking), which would use the experience he had acquired in each section of the kitchen and implementation of all the kitchen, chef's name when needed.
In smaller kitchens, could also be responsible for cleaning the kitchen and customer service.
Person SpecificationThe most important personal qualities of the good chefs are:
a great interest in eating and cookingthe ability to work under pressurehigh standards of cleanliness and hygienethe ability to handle multiple tasksthe ability to work as part of a teamcreativity and imagination to the presentation of foodgood organizational skillscommunication and leadership skillsthe ability to manage a budget.
How to make a cookYou may not need formal academic training to begin work as apprentices (Commission), chef de cuisine. However, some employers prefer a general quality of education, possibly including some GCSEs (AE) in English and mathematics.
There are courses you can do to help you prepare for work as a cook, including:
GCSE in catering and cateringProfessional Cookery Diploma Level 2 (awarded by City and Guilds and ASET)BTEC National Certificate or Diploma in Hospitality or Hospitality SupervisionBTEC HND in Professional CookeryFoundation degree in Culinary Arts Management.Contact colleges or universities in the course entry requirements.
Some courses include a lot of hands-on cooking experience, which may allow you to launch your career in the kitchen to a higher level (instead of working his way up from commis chef or chef junior).
You may be able to enter this work through an apprenticeship. The range of apprenticeships available in your area will depend on the local labor market and the types of skills needed by employers for their workers.
Training and DevelopmentAs a chef cook student can work on NVQ qualifications, with topics including:
Hospitality Level 1Food Processing and Cooking Level 2Professional kitchen, levels 2 and 3Hospitality Supervision, Level 3.You can develop more advanced skills and help his career studying part-time scores as a foundation degree, BTEC CCC or degree in professional cooking, culinary arts management or hospitality management.
Pay (a rough guide)A student (Commission) chef can earn between € 11,500 and € 15,000 per year.The section chiefs (chefs de partie) can earn approximately £ 17,000.A second head chef (sous-chef can earn up to £ 25.000.Cooks (chefs) can earn around £ 30,000.A chef to cook at an upscale hotel can earn between € 40,000 and € 50,000.
Job prospectsThere are about 250 thousand chefs and cooks in the United Kingdom. People First (Sector Skills Council for hospitality, leisure, travel and tourism) report, there is a huge shortage of qualified chefs.
You could find work in the UK in all fields of industry, including hotels, restaurants, bars and cafes, as well as health education, and the military. Many restaurants in the United Kingdom conducted its own or in partnership, and many are owned and operated by chefs.
With the qualifications and work experience, can become a chef. Opportunities for promotion will be higher in large kitchens. You can go into management or take a train and the restoration or the professional kitchen to learn. You can also opt to have their own contract catering.




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Home Business Opportunity

A home business opportunity is a great way for anyone to be successful, but many people will fail for one very simple reason. If you know what the reason is, you will be able to avoid making the same mistake and it will mean that you have a better chance of becoming successful.
The task that so many people fail to do with whatever business that have started is taking action. Too many people take time to educate themselves on how to build a business successfully, but they don’t ever go beyond that, which is always a big mistake to make. Vacancy*
There are many tasks that have to be completed in order to build a business and taking action will be required to achieve all of them. You can’t just educate yourself about how to build your business to be successful and expect that to really happen if you don’t do anything to make it happen, no matter what you may have been told.
Instead, you have to do everything you can to ensure that it does. Taking action seems to be the hardest thing to do when you work from home. You don’t have a boss telling you what to do, how to do it or when to do it, so that leaves it all in your lap.
You have to be committed to achieving success because if you are not, then you will find that it is always a struggle. Being committed also means that you have to be willing to take action, even if it is a scary thing to do.
Your business will never go anywhere without action. Many people fail to take this step because they are afraid of failing. Other people are afraid of succeeding. Believe it or not, but these are the main two reasons that so many people fail to take this step.
No matter what it holding you back and preventing you from taking action like you know you need to, you have to find a way to overcome it. If you don’t, then you will end up failing with your home business, just like so many others have over the years.
Now that you know what the one task is that people fail to do and that causes them to fail with any home business opportunity, you will be able to avoid making this same mistake. Taking action is one of the toughest tasks you will have to do when you are the boss, but it is also the most imperative. Remember that and make yourself do this step and before you know it you will achieve the success you have always dreamed of.

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Career job article: Restaurant Manager Career Advice

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If you are wondering how to become a restaurant manager, below are tips and advice on training for and beginning careers in this area of the catering, hospitality and travel industry, as well as job prospects in the UK.
The Job Description
Restaurant and catering managers are responsible for making sure customers are satisfied with the quality of food and service provided in eating places.
As a restaurant manager, you could work in hotels, small independent restaurants or those part of a large chain, and fast-food outlets. Your role would include being front of house, welcoming customers to the restaurant and showing them to their table.
As a catering manager you would work in larger catering operations, such as business or factory canteens, hospitals or schools. You would have less contact with customers than a restaurant manager, and spend more time behind the scenes.
Typical responsibilities:
planning menus
advertising vacancies and recruiting staff
making sure all staff are fully trained
keeping staff motivated to provide the highest standard of service
organising shift patterns and rotas
managing stock control and budgets
running the business in line with strict hygiene, health and safety guidelines.
Your aim would be to achieve the highest standards in customer service and food quality.
Person Specification
The key personal attributes of good restaurant managers include:
tact and diplomacy
the ability to motivate and manage staff
strong customer service skills
strong communication skills
the ability to keep calm in a crisis
a well organised and methodical approach.
How to become a catering manager
You may be able to start work as a trainee manager, for example with a small or independent restaurant, if you have a good general standard of education such as GCSEs (A-C) in English and maths, or a BTEC National Certificate in Hospitality,
It is also possible to work your way up to restaurant or catering manager after starting as a waiter or waitress, chef, counter service assistant or kitchen assistant. In these jobs, you may be able to do an NVQ in Hospitality, Multi-skilled Hospitality Services or Food and Drink Service – these qualifications, combined with your experience, could prepare you for a management position.
Many hotel chains run management trainee schemes that can lead to restaurant or catering management. Fast-food chains, catering companies and large restaurants are also likely to run similar schemes.
To get onto a management trainee scheme, you will often need a qualification such as a foundation degree, BTEC HNC/HND or degree, although some employers will take you on with A levels or a BTEC National award. Subjects like hospitality business management, culinary arts management, and hotel and restaurant management would be particularly useful. Check with colleges and universities for course entry details.
Training and Development
Once you are working as a manager or trainee manager, you will usually receive on-the-job training. You could support this training by working towards a qualification such as an NVQ Level 3 in Hospitality Supervision.
If you are a graduate with a degree not related to hospitality, you could take a one-year BA (Hons) conversion degree course in Service Sector Management. If your degree is in a relevant subject, you may further your career by taking a postgraduate diploma or Masters in hospitality management.
As a restaurant manager, you may be encouraged to apply for a personal licence for the sale of alcohol. In England and Wales, restaurants serving alcohol are required by law (since 2005) to have both a premises licence and a named personal licence holder (usually the manager). To apply for a personal licence, you need to meet four criteria. You must:
be at least age 18
not, within the last five years, have had a personal licence forfeited
have an accredited licensing qualification (or be a 'person of prescribed description')
have no convictions for relevant or foreign offences.
Three awarding bodies offer the approved Level 2 National Certificate for Personal Licence Holders qualification; the British Institute of Innkeeping Awarding Body (BIIAB), GOAL, and GQAL).
The Pay (a rough guide)
Starting salaries for trainee restaurant or catering managers can be between £16,000 and £20,000 a year.
With experience, this could rise to around £30,000.
Job Prospects
Many of the UKs restaurants are owner-managed or run by the owner in partnership with a manager. With experience and financial backing, you could set-up and run your own restaurant.
As a catering manager, you would find job opportunities in business, industry, education, the health service and the Armed Forces. With experience you could you could start-up your own contract catering business.




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Career Articles :Hotel Manager Career Advice

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If you are wondering how to become a hotel manager, below are tips and advice on training for and beginning careers in this area of the catering, hospitality and travel industry, as well as job ( career ) prospects in the UK.
The Job Description
Hotel managers oversee all aspects of running a hotel, from housekeeping and general maintenance to budget management and marketing.
Large hotels may have managers who are responsible for each department and report to the general manager. In smaller hotels, the manager is more involved in the day-to-day running of the hotel, often dealing directly with guests.
Typical responsibilities:
setting annual budgets
analysing financial information and statistics
setting business targets and marketing strategies
managing staff
organising building maintenance
making sure security is effective
dealing with customer complaints and comments
making sure the hotel follows regulations such as licensing laws
securing corporate bookings for entertainment and conference facilities.
Person Specification
The key personal attributes of good hotel managers include:
business skills
the ability to manage staff
good written and spoken communication skills
tact and diplomacy
the ability to keep calm under pressure and solve problems quickly
energy and enthusiasm
good organisational skills.
How to become a hotel manager
To train as a hotel manager, you need to work your way up to management level from a more junior position or enter management after completing a degree, postgraduate qualification, or BTEC HNC/HND in a relevant subject.
Suitable degree and HNC/HND subjects include:
Hospitality Management
International Hospitality Management
Hotel and Hospitality Management
Hospitality and Licensed Retail Management.
You can also do foundation degrees in relevant subjects, such as Hospitality Business Management. These are vocational courses that are usually studied over two years. You can study part-time whilst in relevant employment or full-time with work placements.
For information about foundation degrees see Foundation Degree Forward. To search for colleges and universities offering foundation degrees, HNDs and degrees see Universities and Colleges Admissions Service (UCAS).
If you have a degree you may be able to join a management training scheme for graduates. These are run by some hotel chains, and involve taking on high levels of responsibility from the start.
You may be able to get into this job through an Apprenticeship scheme. The range of Apprenticeships available in your area will depend on the local jobs market and the types of skills employers need from their workers.
Training and Development
Once you are working as a hotel manager, you would usually train on the job, getting experience in all aspects of the hotel.
You may be able to start at a lower level, such as administrator or department manager, and work towards qualifications including:
NVQ Level 2 in Multi-Skilled Hospitality Services
NVQ Level 3 in Hospitality Supervision.
The Insitute of Hospitality awards the following qualifications for managers:
Level 2 Business Skills Certificate for Hospitality, Leisure and Tourism
Level 3 Certificate in Management for Hospitality, Leisure and Tourism
Level 4 Diploma in Management for Hospitality, Leisure and Tourism.
The Pay (a rough guide)
Trainee and assistant hotel managers earn around £15,000 a year.
Managers of small hotels or deputy managers can earn from £18,000 to £25,000.
A senior or general manager can earn up to £55,000 or more.
Job Prospects
You could work as a hotel manager in hotels all over the UK. With some large hotel chains you could also have the opportunity to work abroad. If you start as a trainee with a hotel chain you will need to be prepared to travel around the country.
Your prospects for progression will depend on the size of the hotel and your experience. You can improve your chances of progression if you are willing to move around the country. As an experienced manager you could open your own hotel.




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Career Article:Cabin Crew Career Advice

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If you are wondering how to become air cabin crew, below are tips and advice on training for and beginning careers in this area of the catering, hospitality and travel industry, as well as jobs prospects in the UK.
The Job Description
As a member of an air cabin crew, also known as flight attendant, you would be responsible for making sure air passengers have a comfortable, safe and pleasant flight.
Typical responsibilities:
Before a flight you would:
attend a briefing on the flight and schedule
find out if any passengers have special requirements
check the aircraft to make sure it is clean and tidy
make sure that there are enough supplies and that emergency equipment is in place and in working order
greet passengers and direct them to their seats
make sure luggage is safely stowed away
demonstrate emergency equipment and procedures, making sure passengers listen to the safety demonstration.
During a flight you would:
help passengers, including giving first aid when necessary
make announcements for the pilot
serve food and drinks sell duty-free goods
reassure passengers if there is an emergency, such as a cabin fire, and make sure that they follow safety procedures.
At the end of a flight you would:
circulate and collect customs and immigration documents
make sure passengers leave the plane safely
fill in a written flight report recording any unusual incidents
take records of food and drink orders and duty-free sales.
You would typically work as part of a larger on board team, which would be different on each flight.
Person Specification
The key personal attributes of flight attendants include:
be tactful but assertive, with the ability to deal with difficult situations politely but firmly
have a clear speaking voice
enjoy team work
be calm under pressure and in emergencies
be confident, friendly and good with people
be sensitive and reassuring towards people who are anxious or upset
be able to work quickly and efficiently
be confident with money, including foreign currency.
How to become a flight attendant
You will need a good standard of education, many airlines ask for four or five GCSEs (grades A to C)/S grades (1 to 3), or the equivalent, including maths and English. Entry requirements vary, so you should check with the airline.
You should also:
be physically fit, with normal colour vision and good eyesight
be able to swim at least 25 metres
be smart and well-groomed
not have tattoos or body piercings that can be seen
hold a valid passport which allows you to travel anywhere in the world.
You should speak English well. Some airlines want staff who can speak more than one language. Previous experience in customer service is also desirable, and nursing, or hotel and catering experience may be particularly useful.
You must be over 18 to work as a member of an air cabin crew (some airlines set the minimum entry age at 21). The upper age limit varies between airlines, but with many companies you will have to retire at 50 or 55. Height and weight requirements also vary between airlines, so you should check with them.
There are several nationally-recognised qualifications which can help you develop the skills you need to work as a member of an air cabin crew. These are:
EMTA Awards Ltd (EAL) NVQ Level 2 & 3 in Aviation Operations in the Air - Cabin Crew
City and Guilds NVQ Level 2 in Aviation Operations in the Air - Cabin Crew
Edexcel BTEC Level 2 Certificate in Preparation for Air Cabin Crew Service
EMTA Awards Ltd (EAL) Intermediate Level 2 Certificate in Air Cabin Crewing
NCFE Level 2 Certificate in Airline Cabin Crew.
Training and Development
Airlines provide their own training programme for new entrants. This usually lasts for four to six weeks and covers:
security
safety and emergency procedures
first aid
customs and immigration regulations
customer relations and passenger care
currency exchange
galley management
food preparation and service
personal grooming.
After basic training most airlines have a probationary period of three to six months, during which performance is monitored by trainers or senior crew. You will have to pass regular examinations to test your knowledge of safety and emergency procedures, and to make sure you meet official first aid requirements.
The Pay (a rough guide)
As a new recruit you will earn about £12,000 a year.
When you have more experience you could earn £14,000 to £18,000 a year.
Salaries for senior crew can be up to £22,000 a year.
You may also get a flying allowance which can be up to £4,500 a year when you first start work.
Job Prospects
There is a lot of competition for places with airlines. You will usually have to live near the airport where you are based. You could be based overseas as international cabin crew with a British airline. 



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Plan Your Appearance to Make a Great First Impression

Your personal appearance is a critical component of that all-important first impression when you walk into the room for your interview.  So plan ahead! 
Some people don't think about what they're going to wear until the morning of the interview. Then they scramble to find something that's appropriate, clean, and doesn’t look like it’s been slept in.
Imagine putting on that rarely used suit an hour before your interview and discovering that it no longer fits!
Plan your outfit in advance, try it on to make sure it fits well, and get it cleaned and pressed if necessary. 
When deciding what to wear, think "conservative business attire." Even if you are interviewing for a field job in which you'll wear jeans and steel-toed boots, those clothes are not appropriate for the interview. It's always better to dress "up" than to dress "down."
The key is to look professional. 
Here are some preparation tips:
• Think about your hair in advance and make sure it's as ready for the interview as your clothes. Do you need a haircut or touch-up on the color? This goes for mustaches and beards, too.
• How are your teeth? If they’re not pearly white, consider using one of the many teeth-whitening products on the market today. Dingy teeth really can make a negative impression, so don’t ignore this.
• Freshen your breath, especially if it's been a while (or if you've eaten or smoked) since brushing your teeth. Don't go into the interview chewing gum.
• Do not plan to wear perfume or cologne. Having no noticeable scent is better than turning your interviewer off by wearing too much perfume/cologne (or wearing a scent that unpleasantly reminds an interviewer of an ex-spouse). And many people are allergic to ingredients in perfumes and colognes. It's safest to wear no scent at all.
• Women, if you decide on a dress or skirt, make sure it's not too sh ort. Be conservative. By the way, pantsuits are perfectly acceptable these days if they meet all the other criteria.
• Don’t forget to consider your shoes. Chose a pair that is stylish, but conservative and comfortable. (Spike heels are not a good idea.) Make sure they're clean and/or shined.
Remember, your goal is to look professional and conservative. This applies to makeup, nail polish, jewelry, body piercings, tattoos, etc.
If there’s any chance that the interviewer might not like it, no matter how “cool” it is, don’t let it show!
Dress to impress!

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Career Articles : Conservation Officer Career Advice

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If you are wondering how to become a conservation officer, below are tips and advice on training for and beginning careers in this area of environmental science, as well as job prospects in the UK.
The Job Description
Countryside/conservation officers are involved in the management, protection and improvement of the local environment. They encourage visitors to the countryside and promote understanding of the need to protect the natural environment and plant and wildlife habitats.
Typical responsibilities:
advising landowners on how to manage their land in ways that will protect the countryside and wildlife
conducting surveys, carrying out research, analysing data and writing reports
dealing with complaints about issues such as overgrown rights of way
organising the upkeep of country parks and woodlands
trying to prevent damage to the countryside by making sure footpaths are clearly marked, and litter bins and car parking are provided
advising on planning applications – for example assessing the effects on the countryside of a new road or housing development
advising people who want to organise conservation projects
giving talks to local groups
producing resources like leaflets and information boards to inform the public on how to look after the countryside
organising or supporting environmental activities and projects to involve the local community
preparing applications for funding and assessing applications for funding from other organisations.
Person Specification
The key personal attributes of good countryside officers include:
enthusiasm for the countryside and conservation issues
confidence and assertiveness
the ability to explain technical and scientific issues to a variety of audiences
effecitive communication skills, with individuals and in talks, presentations and meetings
tact and diplomacy
good IT skills.
How to become a conservation / countryside officer
You do not need any set qualifications to be a countryside/conservation officer, but many have degrees or HNDS, so you may find it an advantage to have this type of qualification. Relevant degree subjects include countryside/environmental management, environmental sciences, biology, ecology and geography.
To search for colleges and universities offering HNDs, foundation degrees and degrees see Universities and Colleges Admissions Service (UCAS).
Employers will expect you to have practical experience. You could get this by volunteering with organisations such as the National Trust, the British Trust for Conservation Volunteers and Groundwork. You should contact them for information about local opportunities – see Further Information for contact details. Some of these organisations offer training for their volunteers.
Another option could be to start in a lower-level practical job and work your way up.
Training and Development
When you are employed as a conservation officer you can add to your skills and knowledge by taking courses such as those offered by the Field Studies Council and the British Trust for Conservation Volunteers. You can find details are on the organisations' websites (in Further Information).
You can work towards NVQ in levels 2 and 3 in Environmental Conservation.
Some employers may support you in continuous professional development (CPD), such as studying for a postgraduate qualification, which is often a requirement for senior posts.
You may find it useful to join professional bodies such as the Institute of Ecology and Environmental Management (IEEM), as this will give you professional recognition, and opportunities for CPD and networking.
The Pay (a rough guide)
Starting salaries are likely to be around £16,000 a year
Experienced officers may earn over £30,000.
Job Prospects
Countryside / conservation officers are often employed by local authorities, but there are also opportunities with government agencies such as English Nature, charitable trusts such as the National Trust and the Woodland Trust, and environmental consultancies.
There is a lot of competition for jobs ( career ), so the more practical experience you can gain the better


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